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E:{R]u`~Q_:Cf aϮOoYZ^ǺkQVq,jS1DN#F-yM{pF_-ڍ'œ;I̮-PzZbG^֦Ba?kc"_8BF(   ,0Presentation "PowerPoint.Show.80BMicrosoft PowerPoint Presentation0Document Word.Document.80.Microsoft Word Document0Document Word.Document.80.Microsoft Word Document0 Slide $PowerPoint.Slide.804Microsoft PowerPoint Slide/ 0LDTimes New Roman̳0~0  @n?" dd@  @@`` P)t$     "# !$_"$Z1d)eʱR)R $2$F|>"QqbK 2$BCh\<PL"$֒R>k!jpIc $@ g4MdMd~0 *ppp@ <4BdBdL<4!d!d? %N> The Overall Water ProblemhResources under pressure Populations under water stress The impact of pollution Water governance crisis  The Main Challenges*Securing water for people Securing water for food Developing other job creation Protecting vital ecosystems Dealing with variability in time and space Managing risks Creating popular awareness and understanding Forging the political will to act Ensuring collaboration across sectors and boundaries ++ CONCEPTS OF IWRM  Definition of IWRMIWRM is a process which promotes the coordinated development and management of water, land and related resources, in order to maximize the resultant economic and social welfare in an equitable manner without compromising the sustainability of vital ecosystems. The Dublin PrinciplesFresh water is a finite and vulnerable resource, essential to sustain life, development and the environment Water development and management should be based on a participatory approach, involving users, planners and policy makers at all levels Women play a central part in the provision, management and safeguarding of water Water has an economic value in all its competing uses and should be recognized as an economic good@P5Principle I Water as a finite and vulnerable resource.6 ) A holistic approach Resource yield has natural limits Effects on human activities Upstream-downstream user relations A holistic institutional approach #Principle II Participatory approach.$  Real participation Participation is more than consultation Achieving consensus Creating participatory mechanisms and capacity Lowest appropriate level)Principle III The important role of women.*  [Involvement of women in decision-making Women as water users IWRM requires gender awareness &Principle IV Water as an economic good&'  VWater has value as an economic good Values and charges are two different things Useful water value concepts economic value full value Useful water cost concepts full supply cost full economic cost full cost The goal of full cost recovery Managing demand through economic instruments Financial self-sufficiency versus water as a social good l.l. PRACTICE OF IWRM   !INTERAMERICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK S STRATEGIC INSTRUMENTS FOR IWRM IDB,1997 (KI(Cost Recovery Capacity Building Institutional reform and innovation Human resources development Stakeholder Participation Decentralization Private Sector Participation Tradable Water Rights River basin Councils6 @s @sTIMELINE FOR IWRM Flood Control Act, 1936 Federal Inter-Agency River Basin Committee, 1939 Hoover Commission, 1949 Green Book, 1950 President s Water Resources Commission, 1950 Bureau of the Budget Circular A-47, 1952 Water Resources Council, 1965 National Water Commission, 1968 NEPA, 1969 National Commission on Water Quality, 1973 Principles and Standards, 1973 Principles and Guidelines, 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Non-Navigational Uses of International Water courses, 1997 World Commission on Water for the 21st Century, 2000  :Conferences, Commissions, and Important Documents for IWRM;:Green Book, 1950 Muddy Waters, 1951 Design of Water Resources Systems, 1962 Principles and Standards, 1973 Principles and Guidelines, 1982 International Conference on Water and the Environment: Development Issues for the 21st Century, Dublin, 1992 World Bank s Water Policy Paper, 1993 Inter-American Development Bank s IWRM Strategy Paper, 1997 Asian Development Bank s Draft Water Policy, 1996 Global Water Partnership, 1996 World Water Council, 1996 World Commission on Water for the 21st Century, 2000 World Commission on Dams, 2000 Second World Water Forum, the Hague, 2000C  !) UN ORGANIZATIONS AND IWRM$`UNDP FAO WHO UNICEF WMO/UNESCO IHP UNDESD Inter-secretariat Group for Water Resources UNEP GEF ,,2OTHER INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONS DEALING WITH IWRM32World Bank Asian Development Bank Inter American Development Bank African Development Bank Global Water Partnership World Water Council USAID and other bilaterals IUCN IIMI now IWMI IFPRI IPTRID (World Bank) ICID IJC etc ; SOME CASES  1  Some CautionsXThere is no single one case that exemplifies a full application of IWRM There are, however, many partially successful cases, and some badly flawed attempts One should, however, be willing to learn from history remembering that each situation is radically different so there is no  cookbook for IWRMWIDELY DISCUSSED CASESxNation-wide Intersectoral French  Water Parliaments British Privatization (Thatcher Reforms) Chile Privatization River Basin Scale Murray-Darling Basin Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) Delaware River Basin Commission Damodar Valley Authority, India Potomac River Basin Commission Rhine Basin Mekong Basin CommissionrXX, [VSOME RECENT INITIATIVES (International, national, regional, and sub-sector specific) 6W < sInternational Nile Basin Initiative Nation-wide Nepal Strategic Water Plan Bangladesh Master Plan River Basin Agencies in China Inter-State Corps of Engineers ACT-ACF Basins (Georgia, Alabama, Florida) Sub-Sector Specific California Federal-State (CALFED) 1994-2000, endangered species California Drought Water Bank (1991-94) drought water supply Mexico irrigation reform P > O >&9Efficiency, Equity, and Sustainability Through Pricing :99 ' & resource pricing should at least cover the opportunity costs of these services: the capital, operation and maintenance, and environmental costs. (OECD, 1989)  Commission members agreed that the single most immediate and important measure that we can recommend is the systematic adoption of full-cost pricing of water services. (World Water Commission Report, 2000, p. 33)Bz ,((Fundamental Principles for Water Pricing)(zUser pays Polluter pays Subsidize the  good, tax the  bad )> How to use Prices to Promote Equity, Efficiency, and Sustainability Well Known Effects 1) Increased price reduces demand (i) Substitutes become cheaper (ii) Conservation becomes affordable (iii) Change consumption preference 2) Increased price increases supply (i) Marginal projects become affordable (ii) Provides economic incentives to reduce water losses 3) Increased price facilitates re-allocation between sectors (i) From irrigation to domestic and industrial (ii) From off-stream to in-stream uses ?^ T !)$5B+"$* Less Well Known Effects 1) Increased prices improve managerial efficiency due to increased revenues (i) Improving maintenance (ii) Improving staff training and education (iii) Making modern monitoring techniques affordable (iv) Making modern management techniques affordable 2) Increased prices reduce the per unit cost of water to poor people (i) Increases coverage of poor urban and peri-urban populations because additional water is available for extending the system (ii) Reduces reliance by the poor on water vendors (iii) Makes water available to  tail-enders in irrigation systems 3) Increased prices leads to sustainability (i) Reduces demands on resource base (ii) Reduces pollution loads due to recycling of industrial water (iii) Make more water available for ecosystemsbE&U'/0I}.?0!>)6&p+ Three important concepts COST: O&M costs, capital costs, opportunity costs, costs of economic and environmental externalities. VALUE: Benefits to users, benefits from returned flows, indirect benefits, and intrinsic values. PRICE: Amount set by the political and social system to ensure cost recovery, equity and sustainability. The price may or may not include subsidies. Prices for water are not to be determined solely by costs or value.' a[PROSPECTS FOR IWRM  [IWRM adopted by the Second World Water Forum (Hague, 2000) All major multilateral and bilateral agencies have endorsed it Many national and regional agencies have also endorsed IWRM Creation of new institutions and enabling environment More experience being documented More trained manpower More private sector involvement in supply and management06Three Things Needed for Successful Application of IWRM+Institutions, Institutions, Institutions!,*,/8 / ` ̙33` ` ff3333f` 333MMM` f` f` 3>?" dd@,|?" dd@   " @ ` n?" dd@   @@``PR    @ ` ` p>> c(    6 P  T Click to edit Master title style! !  0   RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     S  0+ ``  =*  0% `   ?*  04& `   ?*H  0޽h ? ̙33 ,Blank Presentation.pot 0 0$.(  $ $ 0t. P    Y*  $ 0,     [* d $ c $ ?   $ 0&  @  RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     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BKevLYdLʤߞ"傇D>#GY~]f:?b#꤅nS A6^qBu]vh1˼h:3:)zKCk+qh%C?@[paʏGt[;\-̻0.43OF$swbȼw"oVeS{f_ /D'j%?W Y(PdcN| +#D_gm\늻4lEEQӆ"Lʡ]4EhENY1M7՚&BEd$0,X#~dL"r2cHm6f%D3 tzBx%v0/5_%(s3qJ7w5>ZOڼBe&7=2TӯLQ?k[vM/t3)}a";J 9w }y7|۰JUJ}_X:R62aeY*Y0l{m<UF+@U/]WvI\`A[KWoYp%Trw]_vzԵN^TN1[JW*{IZ}̗F)WO^=Hvk}GL:c`݂)>6ONfu[j#6!g^N r FLO (<2U9W%Y[\^cegikkmnSrKtCv;x3z}ׁWC[p&`O3]ϋ/0/|N1Oh+'0 px  4 @ L XdlNo Slide TitlerogerseCD:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\Templates\Blank Presentation.potOrlantha Lopez Hoes12aMicrosoft PowerPointoso@s @𼧛!@Qd @Y0eGt oM   v& &&#TNPP0 & TNPP &&TNPP    --- !---&G& ٥wwgw - &Gy& &W?q.  --`  8 _-  @ ! b-- < wwgw< ---KTimes New Romanwgw^ D -.--.2 Q<Integrated Water Resources         ..*2 i@Management Concepts andW    ..2 Practice  .Times New Romanwgw< -.-2 Peter Rogers.."2 Harvard University.Times New Romanwgw^ E -.-X2 I6Presented at the USAID Environmental Training Workshop .Times New Romanwgw<  -.-v2 &JMillenium Plus One: Integrated Water Resources Planning in the New Century.Times New Romanwgw^ F -.-O2 T0Rocky Gap, Cumberland, Maryland, 15-21 July 2001.Times New Romanwgw<  ---'&--y@H-- --"Systemw`f  -&TNPP &՜.+,D՜.+,D     yOn-screen ShowHarvard University~n 1 %Times New RomanBlank Presentation.pot"Microsoft PowerPoint PresentationMicrosoft Word DocumentMicrosoft PowerPoint Slide The Overall Water ProblemThe Main ChallengesCONCEPTS OF IWRMDefinition of IWRMThe Dublin Principles6Principle I Water as a finite and vulnerable resource$Principle II Participatory approach*Principle III The important role of women'Principle IV Water as an economic goodPRACTICE OF IWRMNo Slide TitleNo Slide TitleKINTERAMERICAN DEVELOPMENT BANKS STRATEGIC INSTRUMENTS FOR IWRM IDB,1997 TIMELINE FOR IWRM;Conferences, Commissions, and Important Documents for IWRMUN ORGANIZATIONS AND IWRM3OTHER INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONS DEALING WITH IWRM SOME CASESSome CautionsWIDELY DISCUSSED CASESWSOME RECENT INITIATIVES (International, national, regional, and sub-sector specific) No Slide Title:Efficiency, Equity, and Sustainability Through Pricing zresource pricing should at least cover the opportunity costs of these services: the capital, operation and maintenance, and environmental costs. (OECD, 1989) Commission members agreed that the single most immediate and important measure that we can recommend is the systematic adoption of full-cost pricing of water services. (World Water Commission Report, 2000, p. 33))Fundamental Principles for Water Pricing? How to use Prices to Promote Equity, Efficiency, and Sustainability Well Known Effects 1) Increased price reduces demand (i) Substitutes become cheaper (ii) Conservation becomes affordable (iii) Change consumption preference 2) Increased price increases supply (i) Marginal projects become affordable (ii) Provides economic incentives to reduce water losses 3) Increased price facilitates re-allocation between sectors (i) From irrigation to domestic and industrial (ii) From off-stream to in-stream uses E Less Well Known Effects 1) Increased prices improve managerial efficiency due to increased revenues (i) Improving maintenance (ii) Improving staff training and education (iii) Making modern monitoring techniques affordable (iv) Making modern management techniques affordable 2) Increased prices reduce the per unit cost of water to poor people (i) Increases coverage of poor urban and peri-urban populations because additional water is available for extending the system (ii) Reduces reliance by the poor on water vendors (iii) Makes water available to tail-enders in irrigation systems 3) Increased prices leads to sustainability (i) Reduces demands on resource base (ii) Reduces pollution loads due to recycling of industrial water (iii) Make more water available for ecosystems Three important concepts COST: O&M costs, capital costs, opportunity costs, costs of economic and environmental externalities. VALUE: Benefits to users, benefits from returned flows, indirect benefits, and intrinsic values. PRICE: Amount set by the political and social system to ensure cost recovery, equity and sustainability. The price may or may not include subsidies. Prices for water are not to be determined solely by costs or value.PROSPECTS FOR IWRMNo Slide Title7Three Things Needed for Successful Application of IWRM  Fonts UsedDesign TemplateEmbedded OLE Servers Slide Titles  6> _PID_GUIDAN{53726BFB-9BF8-11D5-917F-00508B4D9461}Root EntrydO)fP@PicturesCurrent User(SummaryInformation( _oOxDAI00054  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~Root EntrydO)PicturesCurrent UserSummaryInformation(PowerPoint Document(ODocumentSummaryInformation8